Gambling involves placing something of value, such as money or items of personal value, on an uncertain outcome, such as the result of a game of chance or an event that can be determined by luck and accident. In general, the more money one bets, the greater the likelihood of losing; however, skill can improve a player’s chances by learning strategies or employing betting strategies that reduce the house edge and increase the probability of winning. Although the majority of people who engage in gambling do not experience problems, a small percentage develop pathological gambling, which is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) as a recurrent pattern of problematic gambling behavior that causes significant distress or impairment.
Problematic gambling is associated with many health consequences, including emotional distress, social isolation, debt, depression and increased risk of suicide. It is important to identify these risk factors in order to prevent a person from developing an addiction.
The brain’s reward pathway is activated when a person wins, and this creates the urge to gamble again. When a person loses, the brain produces a feeling of pain that increases the motivation to try to win back the loss. These psychological responses are what lead to the term “chasing losses,” a common behavior of gamblers who become addicted to the game.
There are several possible reasons why a person may gamble, including: financial incentive, boredom susceptibility, use of escape coping, and the desire to feel special or important. These motivations are rooted in the human need for a sense of belonging, which is often met with status and recognition from casinos that promote their glitzy environment and high-stakes games.
People who struggle with addiction to gambling often develop the habit because of a combination of factors, such as an early big win, an illusion of control, impulsivity and the use of escape coping. They also may have a poor understanding of random events and can’t distinguish between the excitement of a potential win and the natural feeling of boredom or stress that comes with any activity.
Behavioral interventions can help prevent gambling addiction. To begin with, it is important to avoid thinking of gambling as a lucrative way to make money. Instead, think of it as entertainment. It is helpful to set a limit and stick to it. It is also important to avoid gambling when you are bored, stressed, or depressed. Lastly, it is helpful to find healthier ways of relieving unpleasant feelings such as exercising, spending time with friends who don’t gamble and practicing relaxation techniques. Also, never borrow to gamble and don’t play for more than you can afford to lose. These strategies can greatly decrease the odds of gambling addiction.
